Health Care Services And The Health Of The Belizean People

Today, in Belize, there is a lack of development in regards to health care, which has a great effect on the access to care. This is, in turn, has a large effect on the health of the Belizean people. We should care because the health of any population contributes to the status of the country as a whole. With health problems comes along high numbers of reports of morbidity and mortality rates here. This can be attributed to the fact that there is a decreased amount of hospitals, clinics, and other facilities around the country which can help to provide proper health care services. Money within the health care system and the financial status of Belizeans contribute to the quality of care and how many resources there are available. The lack†¦show more content†¦Therefore, their health diminishes and they are unable to overcome poverty because they are unable to support themselves. These individuals sometimes have difficulties and struggle to find work because of their ailments. Therefore, this causes them to not be able to beat the continuous cycle that many individuals living in poverty face. They are unable to break free without the help and support of others. This is why this particular principle is so relevant and important in regards to the social problem of the lack of health care and access to care in Belize. We are called to support the poor, and this greatly applies to the idea that we should support these individuals in this situation in terms of health as well. In addition to these two principles, another principle that fits in with this social problem is the principle of Call to Family, Community, and Participation. According to the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, this principle says that â€Å"people have a right and a duty to participate in society, seeking together the common good and well-being of all, especially the poor and vulnerable.† Those who are well and have easy access to health care in Belize should work towar ds helping those who are not as fortunate as they are. This includes health care providers, who should work their best to reach as many people as possible. Education plays a role here too. Belizean health care workers should make sure that they are taking part inShow MoreRelatedA Look at the Healthcare System of Belize Essay2338 Words   |  10 PagesA Look at the Healthcare System of Belize Manuel Hicks Health Care Organization Delivery Dr. Wilson February 19, 2010 Overview/Healthcare System Belize is a small country on the northeast coast of Central America bordering Mexico and Guatemala. The country has a tropical climate that is very humid. 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A survey of snowmobile impacts on natural sounds at Yellowstone found that snowmobile noise could be heardRead MoreCase Lavern Longsworth V The Queen Judgment 115046 Words   |  61 Pagesthe accelerant was thrown on him by the appellant. The statement read to the jury is quoted below: â€Å"I am a laborer and live at No. 21 Castle Street, Belize City, with my common-law wife Lavern Longsworth, 33 years, date of birth 2 September 1974, Belizean †¦ self-employed. On Thursday 15 July 2010, sometime after 8:00 pm myself and my common- law wife and my step-son, namely James Moriera Jr., along with two other occupants, at this time I can’t remember their names, nor the young man name. Myself

The Cockroach by Kevin Kalligan - 1006 Words

Kevin Halligan was born in Toronto, Canada in 1964. He regards himself as an Anglophile and has spent long periods of time living in England, but has also travelled in Asia, where this poem, ‘The Cockroach’, was written. ‘The Cockroach’, is a short passage of a cockroach and how it made its way around a room, moving in lines and loops. It uses many different forms of imagery to depict the cockroach giving it emotion and character. In this poem he apparently focuses an intense concentration on an insect, but in a powerful twist of focus the whole poem flips back to reveal that Halligan also compares the cockroach to himself, leading the reader to suppose that the cockroach is representational of the poet and of life itself. When looking at a piece of poetry, the first thing that should be analyzed is the title. So in this case, one must speculate why and how Kevin Halligan selected the words he did for his title of the poem: The Cockroach. Firstly the word ‘The’ gives the reader a sense of a one particular cockroach. Not just any cockroach in general, or all cockroaches, but the single one in this poem, which he describes in intense detail. The cockroach, not a matter usually written about by many poets, provides readers with a sense of inquisitiveness that lures them in, therefore making the title stand out. The standard negative connotation of cockroach being a foul pest has been disregarded. Instead throughout the poem, Halligan’s eyes follow the cockroach, recalling all

Is It Right Essay Example For Students

Is It Right Essay Everyone knows that Abortion is a very controversial subject in the United State. It discusses human interaction where ethics, emotions, and law come together. Everyone knows that babies die of natural causes, but others are killed before they get the chance to experience their first breath. Abortion is fast becoming a quick fix to a rather large responsibility, especially among teenage women. Having sex is a huge responsibility, and if you arent ready to handle the consequences, then having sex is not for you, and abortion is not the answer if you do get pregnant. There are three basic types of abortion, abortion from above, abortion from below, and drug induced (Abortion TV). The first type, abortion from above is generally called a hysterectomy, which is done late in the pregnancy (Abortion TV). Many babies are still alive when they are removed from the mothers womb, and abortionists have been known to plunge them into buckets of water or smother them with the placenta, while others cut the cord while the baby is still inside to deprive in of oxygen. (Abortions From Below). There are several methods used for an abortion for below, the four most common I will describe. Menstrual extraction, which is done very early, most often before the pregnancy test even comes back positive (Abortion TV). This is just a suctioning of the fetus out of the mothers vagina. The suction method is performed sometime in the first trimester. This baby is torn into pieces as the hose frequently jerks because the baby often becomes lodged. The, scraps are sucked into a bottle (Abortion From Below). The third method is the dilation and evacuation, which is when the abortionist use a tool like pliers to twist and pull parts of the body out as the bones have already been calcified and must be broken (Abortion TV).The final of the abortions from below is called the D X, or partial birth. This is typically done in the advanced stages of pregnancy. What happen is the doctor pulls the baby to where all but the head is out of the woman, then with scissors, cut the babys head open. The brain is removed and the skull collapse and the baby is delivered (Abortion From Below). The last type is drug-induced method, commonly called Candy Apple Babies. This is performed in the first trimester, using a strong salt solution. The solution is injected into the amniotic sac and the baby breathes is the poison. It takes about an hour to kill the baby and the mother delivers the dead baby a day or so after, however some do manage to survive this agonizing attempt to end their lives (Abortion TV).At no time during any of the methods of abortion are the babies given any type of anesthetic to ease the pain. These unborn children feel it each time one their limbs are torn off or when the abortionist stabs the skin off (Abortion TV). Is this fair?Women are often led to believe that just because abortions are legal, they are safe, but in all reality, they are far from safe. Women face injuries to the uterus, cervix, urinary tract, infection, hemorrhage, heart failure, embolism, sterilizations, ruptured intestines and even death (Tribe). In the years of legal abortion in A merica fewer than 10 or the 1,600,000 women undergo legal abortions each year now die as a result of the procedure(Tribe). In addition, there are countless cases of abortionists sexually abusing their clients while under anesthesia (Tribe). In 1996 alone, 1,365,700 abortions were performed (Abortion Statistics). Statistics show that there have been approximately forty million abortions since1973, which is an average of 4000 per day (Abortion Statistics). The most shocking statistic of all is the reason for these abortions. About ninety-five percent of all abortions are done just as another method of birth control, which leads back to the idea that if you cant handle the consequences and responsibilities of having sex then you shouldnt be having sex in the first place (Abortion Statistics). Having an abortion is legal in the United States no matter how far along the mother is. Many argue that abortion is a must because of rape, incest, fetal abnormalities,

A Metaphorical Death by Firing Squad free essay sample

Each day the troops line up, check their bullets, sight their guns, take aim, and FIRE! I stand there helplessly riddled by bullets. Then, each night I am resurrected (not through any choice of my own I assure you) by some perverse outside will that seems to enjoy seeing me tortured. As the day gallops forth over the horizon, the entire harrowing experience starts anew. Meanwhile, off to the side sits a petite, golden-pigtailed little girl in a pretty pink taffeta dress with a tiny black heart stitched onto the sleeve. She stares forlornly at her forgotten mound of toys lying haphazardly by the exit. This is the metaphorical picture of my internal struggle to juggle school and life. Homework is my torturer, my daily executioner who denies me freedom. Yet, to be even more specific, busy work is the true culprit ordering the line of gunmen to open fire. Day in and day out I am battling pi and Newton’s forces; weaving my way through the endless, sticky mazes of matrices that haunt me in my dreams. We will write a custom essay sample on A Metaphorical Death by Firing Squad or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Just as I duck another mathematical shuriken launched at me by my calculus homework, I whirl around and face the soul-crushing pressure of yet another forces problem dumped upon me by physics. Nor does my torture end there. To face the terrible, nightmarish hedge-mazes produced by linear algebra – stripped of my magical flying calculator – is almost too much for me to bear. Why must I constantly be smothered by mountains of extra work and millions of review problems? Don’t the teachers understand that while yes, practice makes perfect, fried, melted brains oozing out onto the floor just makes a mess! Of course, college is not the only place that has bombarded me with millions upon zillions of worthless, cumbersome assignments. I remember the days of high school with endless long division, stretching off into the horizon, or piles of chemistry problems demanding the five-hundredth example of oxidation numbers. I suppose drilling us until we start humming the periodic table song in our sleep is one way to get children to remember the building blocks of the universe, or – I’ve got an even better idea – they could just let us see the damn periodic table! Furthermore, instead of forcing us to kill thousands of trees and get carpal tunnel from writing so many steps on solving matrices, how about if we were allowed to let our calculators crunch the numbers for us! But, hey, who am I to be judging such a tried and true method of teaching anyway? After all, I’m pretty much brain-dead post high school, so a little extra brow-beating shouldn’t bother me a t all. Hilariously enough, schools don’t just advocate good grades; they highly encourage well-rounded social lives as well. I suppose I’ve failed on that front considering my inner child (the girl in pink taffeta) hasn’t been seen enjoying life for years. She can’t escape because she’s been permanently walled-in by the endless amounts of tedious work I’ve had to complete. How can the schools expect me to â€Å"relax† and â€Å"join in† when they put so much weight on grades and force me to take the longest path to finish? I do think learning how to manually solve problems is important, if only to prepare for the potential arrival of a complete machine rebellion. Yet, I think that can be accomplished with a couple of homework problems; then, let those of us who feel up to the challenge use the tools our technology has provided. Maybe after that stipulation is met I can finally be both the social butterfly and the uber-nerd sought afte r by schools without sacrificing my beauty sleep. The stomping of boots and clacking of weapons signifies the fast approach of my never-ending torture. The men about-face and all aim their old-fashioned muskets at my head, awaiting the command from the general, Sergeant Tediousness. He fills his lungs, preparing to shout the order to fire when I am handed a rocket launcher through a false back in the wall. I turn it on the men and they flee as one, chasing each other into the sunset. The golden-haired child with the tiny black heart patch steps through the wall with a devious smile on her face. She takes my hand, assures me I’ll be fine, and we walk to the back of the room, straight through the exit.

Spanking Gone Wrong Essay Example

Spanking Gone Wrong Paper Apparently Dora the Explorer couldnt provide that because in the middle of spreading the peanut butter, hollers of give it back come yelling from the living room. Putting down the plastic knife, she makes her way to the other room to end what she finds out is way worse than she expected. The two daughters are fighting over who gets to hold the remote which leads to pulling hair, (nothing new), but her son Is rolling is a cloud of fuzzy stuffing from rolling open the couch cushions. It looked Like the roof had caved In leaving a blanket of snow across the living room. Dont make me count to three! Yelling the threat of the count would at least halt the chaos, but discipline was needed. This count can be heard quite often in many homes, especially with young children. Whether its from coloring on the wall, fighting with a sibling, or even in the case of your couch being the new carpet, parents have to have their own code of morals and ethics when it comes to discipline. More times than not, after the count of 3, comes a nice spank also known as corporal punishment. In a recent study by U. S. Catholic as many as 42% of parents said it was k to spank their kids, not counting for he 13% that were undecided (Clarke 23). On the other hand, there are parents that believe a time out or a stern talk at the dinner table will do justice. Researchers have recently brought to attention that spanking Is causing harm to children. In accordance, spanking Is detrimental to children because parents can go too far, It leaves long lasting effects and it doesnt work any better than saying no. However, some people believe spanking is k because its part of life and punishment used to be way worse. We will write a custom essay sample on Spanking Gone Wrong specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Spanking Gone Wrong specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Spanking Gone Wrong specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Many parents remember getting the wooden spoon, paddle, or even the belt. They argue physical punishment that is rare, dispassionate, and well reasoned, aiming to respond to severe cases of disobedience or to dangerous situations, is an essential part of a proper childhood formation (Clarke 23). Although, spanking and physical punishment can go to a whole new level especially when its out of frustration and anger. The definition off spank and what corporal punishment really Is has been under debate for years. This is where society falls, thinking whats okay and what isnt. To one parent a slap on the hand is a spank while others think many slaps across the butt Is a good one. Callaghan mentioned In Webster, spank means to strike on the buttocks with an open hand (142). While according to Parenting Magazine corporal punishment is an act carried out by the purposes of correction or control (Mitchell 19). Furthermore, according to Dry. Greensand, spanking or physical punishment includes a wide variety of methods such as hitting, slapping, spanking, punching, kicking, pinching, shaking, shoving, choking, use of various objects (I. . , wooden paddles, belts, sticks, pins, or others), painful body postures (such as placing in closed spaces), use of electric shock, use of excessive exercise drills, or prevention of urine or stool elimination (Par. 2). Its obvious that there is a variance between what people think is correct terminology when it comes to spanking. Its vital to step back when a situation is escalating to a point of no return in order to give the thinking part of your brain time to catch up with your emotions (Callaghan 142). Its easy to let patience run thin and get frustrated, but this leads to thoughts without actions and thats not okay. Also for some parents a spank isnt enough. Teaching them a lesson shouldnt be hitting a hill so hard it leaves bruises or marks. It may be disturbing but some parents go as far as holding a kid up by their shirt against a door, pulling them up by their hair, and even do exercises such as lifting heavy weights till their almost crushed. It doesnt stop at go to bed without dinner, wash your mouth out, taking away a toy, or locking a child in their room, it can go to the point of abuse. Some moms whove spanked their children agreenot necessarily that spanking was bad for their kids, but that it was bad for them and how they wanted to relate to their kids (Callaghan 132). Being left with regret, in fact, is going too far. Thoughts of l didnt mean it or l should of shouldnt cross your mind when disciplining a child. Its important to treat a child how you want to be treated and teach them lessons for the life ahead of them. When a child is left with a memory of l remember how I was disciplined it should be a lesson learned, not one of hurt. That means it went too far. Spanking also can leave long lasting effects on a child, whether its physical, emotional, or mental. Corporal punishment may succeed in temporarily controlling a childs behaviors. The trouble is the children may suffer from low self-esteem and depression, become overly aggressive, and exhibit antisocial behavior later as a result (Mitchell 25). Parents may think their child wont remember because they are little but thats not always the case. In teaching children to love and in truly loving them, we are called to demand more of ourselves and them (Clarke 23). Think about it, the early childhood years are when kids learn the most. Every parent wants their child to love and be loved. Children shouldnt be scared of making mistakes; they should strive and be exactly who they are. The fear of a spank and corporal punishment can scare a child into a shell they never come out of. Additionally, the spank does travel, and chances are kids will discipline their kids the way they were disciplined. A study by Childrens Voice Magazine says the more corporal punishment, the greater the chance the child is going to be higher than normal in physical aggressiveness, (Mitchell 25). This Just doesnt mean their attitude but further actions such as getting into trouble at school, theft, vandalism, and even delinquency. So whats going to keep them from not hitting their children later in life? Corporal punishment weakens the bond between child and parent it chips away at the bond, particularly if its repeated a number of times. This is a problem for parents who want to be close to their kids and who want their kids to be close to when someone is blessed with a child is that they have received them, they dont have them. No human was born with their children already handed to them at birth. It took time to understand life finding out whom to become, being raised. The way someone raised them was the key, a bond that no one could take away. It shouldnt tater they way someone was conceived, if they were an accident, or planned years in advance, whether they were born into poverty, or a rich lifestyle, to a single mom, a broken home, or even not with their original parents, all these scenarios are still a family. It all depends on how you look at it and its why being raised the right way is a big deal. Spanking takes away the moments of learning and dedication to a family bond. It goes too far sometimes leaving a scar on a relationship with someone that can never be repaired. Hitting a boss, spouse, or parent isnt okay so why hit a child? Devastatingly, sometimes spanking doesnt even stop in the household. The prevalence of corporal punishment of children in schools remains high in the United States and remains one of the few industrialized countries allowing corporal punishment in 30 states (Greensand par. 3). With that statistic, more than half of United States schools are still allowing children to be punished physically. Greensand says the top states for children being hit were Mississippi, Arkansas, and Alabama (par. 3). Its prevalent that the southern United States is allowing the smacks. According to the Office of Civil Rights (2007), school officials, including searchers, administered corporal punishment to 223,190 school children across the nation during the 2006-2007 school year (Greensand par. 3). Shouldnt it be up to the parents how they discipline? If a child lives in the south and goes to a school where corporal punishment is k and then goes home to a house where its okay as well, where does the hitting for making a mistake stop? Medical complications may prevent students from returning to school for days, weeks, or even longer. Reported medical findings include abrasions, severe muscle injury, extensive hemostat, whiplash damage, life-threatening fat hemorrhage, and others (including death! ) (Greensand par. 6). Children are supposed to go to school to learn, giving them injury for their action is not learning. Thats why spanking has to stop. Whether its at home or even worse to think, at school, its leaving long lasting life effects. Its like theirs no escape for a mistake Spanking has also been proven not to work any better than saying no to a child and theirs research to back it up. The recidivism rate for misbehaver by a 2-year-old is about 50% within two hours. Its 80% within the name day. And that applies to whether its Just saying no, removing the child, or spanking a child Mitchell said (25). Children are going to cry, pout, scream, etc. O matter what form of punishment you ensue and chances are they will be back doing it eventually. They might do it again the same day, week, or even month but learning their lesson doesnt always happen the first time. Spanking is like giving punishment without a reason why. If emotions get a chance to calm themselves, with time, parents can talk things out and a lesson has a chance of being learned better then in whapping screaming match. Mitchell a dded, It doesnt take a whole new parent to avoid corporal punishment. Parents are doing dozens and dozens of things besides spanking, even parents who are doing some spanking. If they Just left out the spanking, theyd be doing the alternatives, and their child would be better off (25). A ideas. It may sound cheesy but putting yourself in the childs shoes can be the best thing when it comes between whats right and wrong. Its always best to start from the beginning when having a child, but its never too late to start changing ways. Dry. Esther K. Chunk, a primary investigator, said the findings on the spanking studies suggest that physicians should want to consider addressing the issues of spanking and corporal punishment during routine infant visits, rather than waiting until the toddler years (Bates 25). Basically, what this means is doctors and physicians are questioning whether its right or wrong to question a parent on their discipline and when. If more parents knew the fact of what spanking and corporal punishment could bring so much could change. A lot of parents dont know another way out and thats what the problem boils down to. Theres always another option. Surprisingly, its also been on debate whether corporal punishment is legal or not. Article 19 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child requires states to take all appropriate legislative, administrative, social and educational measures to protect the child from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation including sexual abuse, while in the care of parent(s), legal guardian(s) or any other person who has the care of the child Said the Committee of European Ministers (peg. 29 par. 2). What this is saying is that spanking may be the next big no-no soon enough. If spanking is violating someone, a child at that, saying no to a child is the best thing to do over a spank. Just saying the word no may take a while but a spanking wont always lead to a solution, it more like the easy way out. Overall, Just once sparing the hand can make a difference. Its important to take some time out to be the best parent possible and remember its never too late to change. Spanking can lead to going too far, long lasting effects, and doesnt work any better than a typical no. A study by U. S. Catholic seed Creating a home environment free from violence will help create a world free from violence (Mitchell 23). Spanking Gone Wrong Essay Example Spanking Gone Wrong Essay Apparently Dora the Explorer couldnt provide that because in the middle of spreading the peanut butter, hollers of give it back come yelling from the living room. Putting down the plastic knife, she makes her way to the other room to end what she finds out is way worse than she expected. The two daughters are fighting over who gets to hold the remote which leads to pulling hair, (nothing new), but her son Is rolling is a cloud of fuzzy stuffing from rolling open the couch cushions. It looked Like the roof had caved In leaving a blanket of snow across the living room. Dont make me count to three! Yelling the threat of the count would at least halt the chaos, but discipline was needed. This count can be heard quite often in many homes, especially with young children. Whether its from coloring on the wall, fighting with a sibling, or even in the case of your couch being the new carpet, parents have to have their own code of morals and ethics when it comes to discipline. More times than not, after the count of 3, comes a nice spank also known as corporal punishment. In a recent study by U. S. Catholic as many as 42% of parents said it was k to spank their kids, not counting for he 13% that were undecided (Clarke 23). On the other hand, there are parents that believe a time out or a stern talk at the dinner table will do justice. Researchers have recently brought to attention that spanking Is causing harm to children. In accordance, spanking Is detrimental to children because parents can go too far, It leaves long lasting effects and it doesnt work any better than saying no. However, some people believe spanking is k because its part of life and punishment used to be way worse. We will write a custom essay sample on Spanking Gone Wrong specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Spanking Gone Wrong specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Spanking Gone Wrong specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Many parents remember getting the wooden spoon, paddle, or even the belt. They argue physical punishment that is rare, dispassionate, and well reasoned, aiming to respond to severe cases of disobedience or to dangerous situations, is an essential part of a proper childhood formation (Clarke 23). Although, spanking and physical punishment can go to a whole new level especially when its out of frustration and anger. The definition off spank and what corporal punishment really Is has been under debate for years. This is where society falls, thinking whats okay and what isnt. To one parent a slap on the hand is a spank while others think many slaps across the butt Is a good one. Callaghan mentioned In Webster, spank means to strike on the buttocks with an open hand (142). While according to Parenting Magazine corporal punishment is an act carried out by the purposes of correction or control (Mitchell 19). Furthermore, according to Dry. Greensand, spanking or physical punishment includes a wide variety of methods such as hitting, slapping, spanking, punching, kicking, pinching, shaking, shoving, choking, use of various objects (I. . , wooden paddles, belts, sticks, pins, or others), painful body postures (such as placing in closed spaces), use of electric shock, use of excessive exercise drills, or prevention of urine or stool elimination (Par. 2). Its obvious that there is a variance between what people think is correct terminology when it comes to spanking. Its vital to step back when a situation is escalating to a point of no return in order to give the thinking part of your brain time to catch up with your emotions (Callaghan 142). Its easy to let patience run thin and get frustrated, but this leads to thoughts without actions and thats not okay. Also for some parents a spank isnt enough. Teaching them a lesson shouldnt be hitting a hill so hard it leaves bruises or marks. It may be disturbing but some parents go as far as holding a kid up by their shirt against a door, pulling them up by their hair, and even do exercises such as lifting heavy weights till their almost crushed. It doesnt stop at go to bed without dinner, wash your mouth out, taking away a toy, or locking a child in their room, it can go to the point of abuse. Some moms whove spanked their children agreenot necessarily that spanking was bad for their kids, but that it was bad for them and how they wanted to relate to their kids (Callaghan 132). Being left with regret, in fact, is going too far. Thoughts of l didnt mean it or l should of shouldnt cross your mind when disciplining a child. Its important to treat a child how you want to be treated and teach them lessons for the life ahead of them. When a child is left with a memory of l remember how I was disciplined it should be a lesson learned, not one of hurt. That means it went too far. Spanking also can leave long lasting effects on a child, whether its physical, emotional, or mental. Corporal punishment may succeed in temporarily controlling a childs behaviors. The trouble is the children may suffer from low self-esteem and depression, become overly aggressive, and exhibit antisocial behavior later as a result (Mitchell 25). Parents may think their child wont remember because they are little but thats not always the case. In teaching children to love and in truly loving them, we are called to demand more of ourselves and them (Clarke 23). Think about it, the early childhood years are when kids learn the most. Every parent wants their child to love and be loved. Children shouldnt be scared of making mistakes; they should strive and be exactly who they are. The fear of a spank and corporal punishment can scare a child into a shell they never come out of. Additionally, the spank does travel, and chances are kids will discipline their kids the way they were disciplined. A study by Childrens Voice Magazine says the more corporal punishment, the greater the chance the child is going to be higher than normal in physical aggressiveness, (Mitchell 25). This Just doesnt mean their attitude but further actions such as getting into trouble at school, theft, vandalism, and even delinquency. So whats going to keep them from not hitting their children later in life? Corporal punishment weakens the bond between child and parent it chips away at the bond, particularly if its repeated a number of times. This is a problem for parents who want to be close to their kids and who want their kids to be close to when someone is blessed with a child is that they have received them, they dont have them. No human was born with their children already handed to them at birth. It took time to understand life finding out whom to become, being raised. The way someone raised them was the key, a bond that no one could take away. It shouldnt tater they way someone was conceived, if they were an accident, or planned years in advance, whether they were born into poverty, or a rich lifestyle, to a single mom, a broken home, or even not with their original parents, all these scenarios are still a family. It all depends on how you look at it and its why being raised the right way is a big deal. Spanking takes away the moments of learning and dedication to a family bond. It goes too far sometimes leaving a scar on a relationship with someone that can never be repaired. Hitting a boss, spouse, or parent isnt okay so why hit a child? Devastatingly, sometimes spanking doesnt even stop in the household. The prevalence of corporal punishment of children in schools remains high in the United States and remains one of the few industrialized countries allowing corporal punishment in 30 states (Greensand par. 3). With that statistic, more than half of United States schools are still allowing children to be punished physically. Greensand says the top states for children being hit were Mississippi, Arkansas, and Alabama (par. 3). Its prevalent that the southern United States is allowing the smacks. According to the Office of Civil Rights (2007), school officials, including searchers, administered corporal punishment to 223,190 school children across the nation during the 2006-2007 school year (Greensand par. 3). Shouldnt it be up to the parents how they discipline? If a child lives in the south and goes to a school where corporal punishment is k and then goes home to a house where its okay as well, where does the hitting for making a mistake stop? Medical complications may prevent students from returning to school for days, weeks, or even longer. Reported medical findings include abrasions, severe muscle injury, extensive hemostat, whiplash damage, life-threatening fat hemorrhage, and others (including death! ) (Greensand par. 6). Children are supposed to go to school to learn, giving them injury for their action is not learning. Thats why spanking has to stop. Whether its at home or even worse to think, at school, its leaving long lasting life effects. Its like theirs no escape for a mistake Spanking has also been proven not to work any better than saying no to a child and theirs research to back it up. The recidivism rate for misbehaver by a 2-year-old is about 50% within two hours. Its 80% within the name day. And that applies to whether its Just saying no, removing the child, or spanking a child Mitchell said (25). Children are going to cry, pout, scream, etc. O matter what form of punishment you ensue and chances are they will be back doing it eventually. They might do it again the same day, week, or even month but learning their lesson doesnt always happen the first time. Spanking is like giving punishment without a reason why. If emotions get a chance to calm themselves, with time, parents can talk things out and a lesson has a chance of being learned better then in whapping screaming match. Mitchell a dded, It doesnt take a whole new parent to avoid corporal punishment. Parents are doing dozens and dozens of things besides spanking, even parents who are doing some spanking. If they Just left out the spanking, theyd be doing the alternatives, and their child would be better off (25). A ideas. It may sound cheesy but putting yourself in the childs shoes can be the best thing when it comes between whats right and wrong. Its always best to start from the beginning when having a child, but its never too late to start changing ways. Dry. Esther K. Chunk, a primary investigator, said the findings on the spanking studies suggest that physicians should want to consider addressing the issues of spanking and corporal punishment during routine infant visits, rather than waiting until the toddler years (Bates 25). Basically, what this means is doctors and physicians are questioning whether its right or wrong to question a parent on their discipline and when. If more parents knew the fact of what spanking and corporal punishment could bring so much could change. A lot of parents dont know another way out and thats what the problem boils down to. Theres always another option. Surprisingly, its also been on debate whether corporal punishment is legal or not. Article 19 of the Convention on the Rights of the Child requires states to take all appropriate legislative, administrative, social and educational measures to protect the child from all forms of physical or mental violence, injury or abuse, neglect or negligent treatment, maltreatment or exploitation including sexual abuse, while in the care of parent(s), legal guardian(s) or any other person who has the care of the child Said the Committee of European Ministers (peg. 29 par. 2). What this is saying is that spanking may be the next big no-no soon enough. If spanking is violating someone, a child at that, saying no to a child is the best thing to do over a spank. Just saying the word no may take a while but a spanking wont always lead to a solution, it more like the easy way out. Overall, Just once sparing the hand can make a difference. Its important to take some time out to be the best parent possible and remember its never too late to change. Spanking can lead to going too far, long lasting effects, and doesnt work any better than a typical no. A study by U. S. Catholic seed Creating a home environment free from violence will help create a world free from violence (Mitchell 23).

10 Expository Essay Topics on Evolution of Human Behavior

10 Expository Essay Topics on Evolution of Human Behavior If you are searching for facts on the evolution of human behavior for an expository essay, please consider the 10 below: Given the changes in technology, behavioral psychologists have studied the evolution of technology on previously held theories. Some studies have focused on the effects of watching television or listening to television while completing homework (Cool, et al., 1994). These researchers provided their participants with a specific amount of time during which they were instructed to complete and assignment. Some of the participants were exposed to television as they worked a day job and others were not. The research discovered that significantly fewer questions were filled within the given time frame when exposed to television as compared to those participants who were not One study by Pool, et al., (2003) focused specifically on the impact soap opera had on students trying to complete their homework. In this study the participants were placed in three different conditions. First was a visual soap opera, the second was the audio soundtrack of a soap opera and the third was image without sound. The results from this study indicated that participants who were in the visual soap opera category required significantly more time to complete the same assignment compared to the other two groups. In addition, this half of the participants had to increase the amount of time it took for them to complete the work. Reviewing the evolution of behavioural psychology changes has been viewed through marital theory. Marital theory is not the only communication theory that affects the marital relationship and leads to divorce and the effects of children. The social exchange theory affects marital power and marital solidarity which, combined with economic exchange, can delineate a marriage relationship. Research by Gottman (1993) provides insight into the prediction of marital dissolution. In essence, no matter the marriage type, marital dissolution begins with a cascade as the balance between the relationship type and communication begins to decline. This is described most plainly by examining the relationship between social exchange theory and social penetration theory. Marriage is cultivated, like any other relationship by interpersonal communication. This is any type of communication between two or more people. Communication can be conducted via letters, computer, phone or in person, so long as tw o people are communicating. Social exchange theory is a communication theory which states that people are motivated by rewards. Most commonly, people want to maximize their rewards and minimize their costs. Along the same lines, social penetration theory suggests that as people get to know someone else better, they will divulge more about themselves. This means that when a couple first meets, they might not reveal intimate details, but if they think they will benefit in some way, they will reveal more and more and as time passes, they might reveal more than the other party revealed. Combining social exchange theory and social penetration theory within the confines of marital theory, a person might be willing to risk a specific type of marriage because they view little loss and a lot of gain from it. This does not prove to be troublesome for many couples initially, but can quickly cascade into an unbalanced relationship, the future of which can potentially harm children. Eventually, as time passes and spouses continue to share with each other, they might encounter major differences or things which prompt more cost and less benefit. As the benefits continue to deplete and the cost increase, the relationship will falter and divorce will become eminent. This is especially dangerous if the involved couple has children. Ellis and colleagues (1987) investigated priming using pictures. They conducted three similar experiments to support how priming affected the recognition of familiar faces. Their first experiment copied aspects of a study by Bruce and Valentine by initially exposing participants to a picture of a celebrity, with no name. Once time had passed, the participants were asked if the face was familiar. Their findings supported that the faces in the first experiment were in fact, noted as being someone the participant recognized by face and by the name. The second experiment used pictures of personal acquaintances of the participants, editing the photo so that the body, clothes, hair, and other features (not the face) were altered to inhibit immediate recognition. Participants recognized their acquaintances by their faces. The final experiment demonstrated that priming can be obtained through exposure to a photograph identical to a famous face. A smaller, but still significant recognition co uld be obtained through exposure to a dissimilar photograph. Ellis and colleagues concluded that the â€Å"instance-based† model proposed by McClelland and Rumelhart (1985) could explain the results. Thus, despite repetitive priming, the overall lack of physical similarity between the subject and the test stimuli was the result of a lack of priming between bodies and faces. Hence, the link between priming with pictures was attributed to photographic memory (implicit memory) as it is tied to recognition based on personal exposure to the subject matter. Their research led to the new opportunity to research how exposure to the media and famous faces influences a person’s recognition, as well as how exposure to friends images would influence their recognition even if they were distorted. The Affective Primacy Hypothesis developed by Murphy (1993), declares that positive and negative affective responses can be evoked with minimal stimulus input and practically no priming. This research supported that priming does not need to be large and direct, but rather, with little effort alterations can be made to subjects regarding their decision making processes. Participants were repeatedly exposed to ideographs which were degraded and then administered directly through recognition memory tests. The participants were unable to acknowledge they had been exposed to the material previously. However all of those participants picked the previously exposed material as their favorite in comparison to latter. Incorporating brief suboptimal and optimal exposures, the authors presented empirical information analyzing the effects of affect and cognition, both of which are areas never clearly defined but they claimed to be interdependent. Oyserman (2008) took social priming to yet another level by incorporating a study of cultural priming. By conducting a meta-analysis of individualism and collectivism, she was first able to determine how each of the aforementioned categories influences cognitive style and relationship assumptions within that spectrum. While torn between experimenting with individuals or groups to determine the level at which cultures affect decisions, Oyserman and Lee made it clear that cultural factors will empirically influence psychological processes. Reviewing multi-national studies and cross-cultural comparisons, they sought to determine if it was possible to manipulate independent variables. Their hypothesis was supported in that once primed, participants’ values increases as directed, their sense of self was redefined, and their relations with others were imagined to be. These facts should give your paper enough support to get the best grade. We also offer you to check our 20 topics on evolution of human behavior as well as a guide to writing an expository essay on it. References: Cool, V., Yarbrough, D. B., Patton, J. E., Runde, R. Experimental Effects of Radio and Television Distractors on Children’s Performance on Mathematics and Reading Assignments. Journal of Experimental Education, (1994) 62, 181-194. Goldstein, E. B., Cognitive Psychology, Connecting Mind, Research, and Everyday Experience. (2005) Belmont: Thomson Wadsworth. Gottman, John M. A Theory of Marital Dissolution and Stability.  Journal of Family Psychology  7.1 (1993): 57-75. Print. Gottman, John, Notarius Cliff, Markman Howard, Bank Steve, Yoppi Bruce, and Rubin Mary Ellen. Behavior Exchange Theory and Marital Decision Making.  Journal of Personality and Social Psychology  34.1 (1976): 14-23. Print. Laland, Kevin N., and Gillian R. Brown.  Sense and Nonsense: Evolutionary perspectives on Human Behaviour. Oxford University Press, 2011. Lewens, Tim.  Cultural Evolution: Conceptual Challenges. OUP Oxford, 2015. Nakonezny, Paul, and Wayne Denton. Marital Relationships: A Social Exchange Theory Perspective.  The American Journal of Family Therapy  36.5 (2008): 402-12. Print

British Petroleum Plc IT Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

British Petroleum Plc IT Analysis - Assignment Example The adaptation of cost leadership and differentiation strategies will help the company reach the next level through increased business efficiency, improved data processing and storage among other benefits. The two options go hand-in-hand during their implementation but, BP should consider implementing the cost leadership strategy first then implement differentiation strategy later. Cost leadership strategy enables a firm gain competitive advantage through reduction of economic costs below the competitors’ cost. On the other hand, differentiation strategy enables an organization to shift product development on the bases of cost of marketing of goods and services (Conklin & Sorrell 2010). By first implementing the differentiation strategy, BP will sand a better chance of implementing differentiation strategy. BP’s main objective is to become the leading oil and gas producing industry globally by adaptation of them modern I.T. services that assists in improving business en vironment. The BP I.T processes will be achieved through various strategies set aside by the company management that include value added preposition, target markets, cost factors, revenue drivers and revenue streams. All these strategies focus on the company becoming the cost leader in the market, which requires an implementation of the cost leadership strategic option. ... BP is a large industry with an extremely high volume of production of oil and gas. In addition, the company has specialized machines and proficient workforce that enable provide high quality products and services. The high volume of production places BP in a better position of lowering costs per unit production the implementation of cost leadership strategy easier and fast. In addition, the company can reduce its overhead costs through spreading different costs to other areas like advertisement. Moreover, by implementing this strategy BP will hold the strongest position in the industry and will be able to set floor prices for other companies to follow. The second strategy should follow cost leadership is differentiation option. After ensuring the company’s cost security, BP can come up with differentiation strategy that will increase the value of her products and services relative to the perceived value of other companies. BP will implement differentiation strategy by using fe atures that will make customers prefer the company products and services to those offered by competitors. The focus on high revenue and cost margins places BP in a better position to achieve and perfect economic performance. With I.T in place and low cost of products and services, customers will be more attracted to BP products and services because they are more valuable and have differentiation advantage. Question4 Write a proposal to BP on I.T integration to reducing cost Summary BP is the leading oil and gas production company and serves many customers globally. BP wishes to integrate I.T. systems in her operations in order to improve the overall efficiency in terms of customers’ services and products production. By establishing the

The concept of Time Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The concept of Time Management - Essay Example To facilitate the creation of a life steady with one’s deepest needs and values, there is need for an individual to lay down priorities and subsequently adhere strictly on them. How a person spends his/her time is very essential. In fact, during an interval of time, people require a time log in order to see if their time goes to waste. Having a good proportion of one’s time used up on urgent as well as important matters instead of on petty and less lucrative activities is very important. Additionally, one should seriously assess the persons to whom he/she devotes most of his/her time. This paper delves into the concept of time management; the skills needed in good time management, ways of using time properly as well as the dos and don’ts while managing time. Beardsley suggests four time redemption tricks. He stresses on the need for one to make lists of all his/her projects, noting down even those tasks that are not obligatory. One should not allow his/her inbox to box him/her in. This implies that a person should not let his/her basket of chores to man him/her. A person should simply get to the bottom of the in-basket one time every day and pick one item at a time and should not concentrate on any other item till he/she finishes the first. He adds that a job requiring not more than two minutes to complete should be handled immediately. He suggests that a person should make a review of roughly thirty minutes at every week-end in addition to making an update of his/her lists. Some skills are a must have in proper time management. These skills are the abilities that one should be acquainted with and solve his/her time management dilemmas. Possessing good time management skills enables a person to exercise control over one’s own time as well as life, in addition to one’s stress and his/her energy levels. An individual can effortlessly become accustomed to surprises as well as new opportunities. It is important to note that one ca nnot inherit these time management skills. Instead, one can only learn them and a person can never learn the principle of time management until he/she becomes a victim. As Martin asserts, the severest handicap to time management is procrastination – one should just get started and many of his/her problems will slowly disappear. There are some rules that one should keep in mind in order to become an effective time manager. To start with, a good time manager should delineate priorities and schedule his/her activities. It is wise for a person to make out the first priority classes and do anything to achieve them and to do away with second priority classes. Furthermore, an individual should shun generating impossible situations. People do this by finding themselves trapped to carrying out too many activities. People should as well define their priorities in addition to shunning distractions and loss of the main point (Martin, N.p). According to Kuther, there is a remedy to those who inadvertently create impossible situations. She argues that once a person prepares his/her lists, he/she may realize that he/she have much more on the ground than what he/she was thinking. In such a situation, she advises that one does not have to embark on everything. He/she can take a hold on a small number of it for a while, some even a much lengthy time while he/she may not even execute others at the end of the day. She says that the secret towards achieving a consistent progress on a person’s chores is to separating each task into easier component tasks. Kuther further notes that writing down everything that one wants to accomplish

Goose-loose Blues for the Melting Pot by Stanley Crouch essay

Goose-loose Blues for the Melting Pot by Stanley Crouch - Essay Example Stanley Crouch, who is a black writer, in his Essay- ‘Goose-loose Blues for the Melting Pot’ is of the opinion that intermingling of different cultures can solve the problem of racial difference. Crouch pointed out that: â€Å"blacks would have made it all the way into American society once a Negro could be shown in a deodorant commercial.† (Crouch para17) the age of racial segregation and the practice of color-bound evaluating a person is history and gone forever. The civil liberties, which are included in the US constitution is the paramount example for personal freedom and sovereignty. First of all, activism of African Americans (Negroes/black minority) in US was on the issue of slavery. Later, it turned towards active participation in politics. In the political scenario, the main issue is the unity of country, not narrow minded racial feeling. So, in the initial stages, it was hard for an African American to attain leadership. Majority of African Americans were not ready to support party labels or candidates. But African Americans were ready to support those who helped them. This narrow feeling on racial identity hindered their growth as a powerful minority group. Earlier, prejudice against Negroes in the society was so rigid that they were not measured as suitable to use in a commercial advertisement. In 1960s, there prevailed high racial tension in the society. The Negro population in US felt restriction on their civil rights and liberties, and the agitated through the civil rights movement in1963. Their main agenda was the fight against slavery and racial discrimination. But now, the situation is different. The attitude of Negroes in US had undergone a deep change. When one tries to find out the reason behind the restriction felt by Negroes in certain fields, it is evident that their attitude towards other communities donated a lot to their pathetic situation. For instance, there prevailed less

The Importance Of Reward Management Business Essay

The Importance Of Reward Management Business Essay Reward management in a business organisation is basically the way in which that particular business forms and implements strategies and policies to reward the employees to a fair standard and in accordance with how the organisation values them. Reward management in a business organisation usually consists of the business analysing and controlling the employees remuneration and all of the other benefits for the employees. The main aim of reward management in a business organisation is to reward the employees fairly for the work that they have completed. The main reason reward management exists in business organisations is to motivate the employees in that particular organisation to work hard and try their best to achieve the goals which are set out by the business. Reward management in business organisations not only consist of financial rewards such as pay but they also consist of non-financial rewards such as employee recognition, employee training/development and increased job responsibility. Reward management in a business organisation deals with the design, implementation and maintenance of reward practices that are geared towards the improvement of the business organisations performance. The Importance of Reward Management The elements of reward management within a business organisation are all the things that they use to attract potential employees into their business which includes salary, bonuses, incentive pay, benefits and employee growth opportunities such as professional development and training opportunities. Having a reward management system in place provides the business with many advantages, especially in small to medium size organisations where the managers must have a good relationship with the employees. Reward programmes have proved to be very successful in motivating employees and in turn increase the performance of the organisation as a whole. Below are some of the reasons why a reward system is important: Mutually beneficial- A reward system is beneficial not only to the employee but also to the organisation. The employee will feel more motivated to work harder.by having a reward system in place the employee will feel more committed to their work and their productivity will increase. An increase in productivity will then benefit the organisation. Therefore a reward system is mutually beneficial to the employee and the organisation. Motivation-A reward system will motivate employees by reaching targets and organisational goals in exchange for rewards. A reward system is great at motivating employees but they will also be motivated to prove themselves to the organisation. Absenteeism-A reward system will reduce absenteeism in the organisation. Employees like being rewarded for a job well done and if there is a reward system in place, employees will be less likely to be ringing in sick and not showing up for work. Also by having a reward system in place the employees will be clearer about the targets and goals of the organisation as they will be rewarded when reach certain targets. So by having a reward system as an incentive they will be less likely to be absent from work. Loyalty-A reward system will increase the employees loyalty to the organisation. By a reward system being in place the employee feels valued by the organisation and knows that their opinion matters. If an employee is happy with the reward system, they are more likely to appreciate work place and remain loyal to the organisation Morale-Having a reward system in place providing employees with incentives and recognition will boost their morale. By encouraging employees to meet goals and targets it gives them clear focus and purpose which will their morale. By the employees morale being boosted this will increase the morale of the entire organisation. This is all down to a reward system in the organisation. Teamwork- The reward system will increase the teamwork spirit in the organisation. The reward system will promote teamwork to the employees. The employees will work together as part of a team to achieve their targets in return for rewards. Teamwork within the organisation will help increase efficiency and create a happier workplace. This is another reason why reward systems are important in business organisations. Types of Reward Systems There are several ways to classify rewards; the three most common types are as follows: Intrinsic Rewards Vs Extrinsic Rewards- Intrinsic rewards are the personal satisfaction you get from the job itself eg having pride in your work, having a feeling of accomplishment or being part of a team. If an employee experiences feelings of achievement or personal growth from the job, this would be labelled as an intrinsic reward. Extrinsic rewards would include money, promotions and other benefits. Extrinsic rewards are external to the job and come from an outside source, usually management. If an employee receives a salary increase or a promotion, this would be labelled as an extrinsic reward. Financial Rewards Vs Non-Financial Rewards- Financial rewards are those that will enhance the employees financial well-being directly eg bonus, increase in wages and profit sharing schemes. Non-financial rewards do not enhance the employees financial position directly but make the job more attractive. Some of the Non-financial rewards that a business organisation offer might include-an attractive pension scheme, access to private medical care, help with long-term sickness, crà ¨che facilities, counselling services, staff restaurant etc. Performance-Based Rewards Vs Membership-Based Rewards- The rewards that a business organisation gives to their employees can be based on either their performance or membership criteria. Performance-based rewards are exemplified by the use of commissions, piecework pay plans, incentive schemes, group bonuses, merit pay or other forms of pay for performance plans. Membership-based rewards would include cost of living increases, benefits and salary increase, seniority or time in rank, credentials or future potential. Case Study Tom Warner owned a plumbing, heating and air-conditioning business in Montgomery County,Maryland. In the early 1990s, he faced a major problem. His main customers were commercial property management businesses and they wanted to cut costs. In order to do this; these commercial property management businesses decided to end their contract with Tom Warner and hire their own handymen. Tom Warner didnt want to lay off any of his 250-person workforce. He decided to reconstruct his workforce into territories. He assigned each worker their own territory and told them to operate their territory as if they were running their own business. He put each area director through training in sales techniques, budgeting, negotiating, cost estimating and how to handle customer complaints. Warner believed that if he had technically superb, friendly, and ambitious employees, they could successfully operate like small-town handymen, even though they would be part of a large organisation. Tom Warners programme proved to be very successful. The area directors developed a strong sense of pride and ownership in their territories. Each employee was able to schedule their own work, handle their own equipment, develop their own estimates and advertising campaigns. These were the rewards that each employee desired. Tom Warners programed increased the employees wages. A typical employee working for Warner before he introduced the programme was earning $60,000.In the first year of the programme that employee was earning $100,000.In the second year he was earning $125,000. From a reward point of view, Warners employees are extremely happy and Tom Warners business grew by more than 200 per cent in 24 months. Literary Review According to the book Human Resource Management in Ireland 3rd edition by Patrick Gunnigle, Noreen Heraty and Michael j. Morley: Schuler (1995) outlines a number of core objectives that a business organisation should have in relation to the reward package that they offer. Schuler states that in order for a business organisations reward package to be successful it must meet the following objectives: It should attract potential employees- along with the organisations human resource plan and recruitment and selection techniques the reward package should make potential employees want to work there. The reward package including its mix of pay, incentives and benefits should serve to attract suitable potential employees. It should assist in retaining good employees- the reward package must be perceived internally by the employees as fair and equitable and it should be perceived externally as competitive. Internally the employees should feel happy with the reward package and they should know that in comparison to other businesses it is a very competitive reward package so they wont want to leave and seek employment elsewhere. It should motivate employees- the reward package should help and assist motivating employees to work harder. By linking rewards to performance it should motivate employees to work harder as there is an incentive element. It should contribute to human resource and strategic business plans- the reward package should create a rewarding and supportive climate to work in and therefore it should be perceived as an attractive place to work. This will benefit the business as it will be attracting the best applicants. Reward management in business organisations is extremely important as the reward package helps to attract employees, retain employees and influence performance and behaviour at work. According to the book People Management and Development; Human Resource Management at Work by Mick Marchington and Adrian Wilkinson: Lawler (1984) feels that a reward system within the business organisation can influence a number of HR processes and practices, which then have a direct impact on the organisations performance as a whole. Influence recruitment and retention: Lawler states that any business organisations that have a reward system in place will attract and retain the most people. If better performers are rewarded more highly than poor performers. This also will have an effect on recruitment and retention, so performance-based systems are more likely to attract high-performers. For Example: If a business organisation rewards their employees with high wages, they will attract more applicants which will allow the business more of a choice over selection and hiring decisions. This hopefully will reduce labour turnover in the organisation. Influence Motivation: Employees see that by having a reward system in place, it puts an importance on various activities and tasks. Reward systems therefore have a motivational impact on the employees. However the management must integrate the reward system with the behaviour they expect from the employees. Influence Corporate Culture: The way in which the employees are rewarded will have a huge influence on the corporate culture of the organisation. For example: If a business organisation has a reward system in place that provides benefits for long-serving staff, this will likely shape the existing culture into one where loyalty is seen as central to the business organisations ideology. In contrast, if a business organisation has a reward system in place that rewards the employees for innovative behaviour and ideas, this is more likely to shape the businesses corporate culture into one where creativity and innovation is important. Cost as an influence: Cost is a huge factor and influence in the reward system. Some business organisations may not be able to afford to set up and maintain the reward system; it may be too costly for them. On the other hand, some business organisations may not want to waste the money on a reward system. This may demotivate the employees as they will think that not worth it and this will have a direct impact on their performance in the organisation which in turn will in turn have a direct impact on the organisations performance as a whole. According to the book Human resource management in Ireland 4th edition by Patrick Gunnigle, Noreen Heraty and Michael j. Morley: Lawler (1977) highlights that in order for reward management to be successful the reward system needs to have the essential characteristics: Reward level- In order for reward management to be successful, the reward package must satisfy the employees basic needs for survival, security and self-development. Individuality- Along with satisfying the employees basic needs, the reward system should be flexible enough to meet the employees varying individual needs. Internal equity- The rewards must be seen as fair when compared to others in the business. The criteria and reasons for the allocation of rewards to employees should be equitable and clear to everyone in the organisation .The reason behind the allocation of rewards to employees should be communicated and accepted by all parties. The rewards should be applied consistently throughout the organisation. External equity- The rewards must be seen as fair when compared to those offered for comparable work outside the organisation. Trust- In order for reward management to be successful in the organisation, the management and the employees must believe in the reward system 100 per cent. The employees must believe and accept that will receive rewards when they meet the relevant criteria. The management should trust that the employees will perform at a high standard and the best to their ability in return for rewards. According to Lawler (1977) in order for a business organisation to be successful in reward management, he believes that a reward system must have the characteristics listed above. According to the book Human resource management 6th edition by De Cenzo and Robbins: Armstrong and Murlis (1998) offer some broad distinctions between the main types of reward system: Gain Sharing Schemes-the pay of a group of workers is linked to improvements in internal company productivity. Employee Stock Ownership Schemes (ESOPs)-The business organisation offers company stock (at a lower rate than normal) to certain employees. Profit-Sharing Schemes-The business organisation gives a certain percentage of the end of year profits to the employees. Skill-Based Pay Schemes-The business organisation rewards the employees with pay on the basis of job-related skills or competencies. Individual Incentive Schemes-The business organisation rewards the employees for reaching or exceeding specific established performance criteria. Piece- rate schemes are the most obvious form of individual performance related rewards. Group Incentive Schemes-The business organisation rewards groups of employees with the same principles they use on individual schemes. Used most commonly when group work or team work is present in the business organisation. Conclusion To conclude I am going to give a brief run through the topics I have covered throughout this report. I defined and explained the meaning of what reward management is and how organisations manage rewards in organisations. I then went on to discuss the importance of reward management within organisations, by doing this I pointed out the advantages of having reward systems in an organisation. These benefits included mutually beneficial, increases motivation, improves morale, increases the employees loyalty to the organisation, improves teamwork and reduces absenteeism. I looked at commonly used reward schemes. I looked at a case study about Tom Warner was forced to reward his employees with a huge amount of responsibility; however it had an extremely successful outcome for him. I then looked at the main aims that every reward system should have; attract potential employees, assist in retaining good employees, motivate employees, contribute to human resource and strategic business plans. I explained the direct impact a reward system can have on the organisation as a whole ie influence o n performance, influence on motivation, influence on the corporate culture. I looked at and explained the essential characteristics a reward system must have in order to be effective. This is important for management when designing their reward system. They should look at and evaluate their current reward system and make sure it possesses the right characteristics. I then differentiated between the most common types of reward schemes according to research I found on Armstrong and Murlis point of view on reward systems.

Edwige Danticat’s Tones in We Are Ugly, But We Are Here :: Danticat We Are Ugly

Edwige Danticat’s Tones in We Are Ugly, But We Are Here   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When I first read â€Å"We Are Ugly, But We Are Here,† I was stunned to learn how women in Haiti were treated. Edwige Danticat, who was born in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, in 1969 and immigrated to Brooklyn when she was twelve years old, writes about her experiences in Haiti and about the lives of her ancestors that she links to her own. Her specific purpose is to discuss what all these families went through, especially the women, in order to offer the next generation a voice and a future. Danticat writes vividly about events that occurred in Haiti, leading up to an assertion about the strength of Haitian women. Her essay is powerful in large part because of how she manages tone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Danticat begins her essay with a tragic and bitter tone. She tells of the first people who were murdered when the Spaniards came to Haiti including Queen Anacaona, an Arawak Indian who ruled over the western part of the island. With bitterness she states, â€Å"Anacaona was one of their first victims. She was raped and killed and her village pillaged† (137).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After establishing this sad and bitter tone, Danticat moves to a more rejoiceful tone when she reminisces about the times when her grandmother would tell her stories: â€Å"My grandmother was an old country woman who always felt displaced in the City of Port-au-Prince—where we lived—and had nothing but her patched-up quilts and her stories to console her. She was the one who told me about Anacaona† (137). Danticat then shifts to a more neutral tone when she recalls her grandmother’s peaceful death with her eyes open. She took her grandmother’s death calmly because death was so frequent in Haiti. She further explains, â€Å"I have such a strong feeling that death is not the end, that the people we bury are going off to live somewhere else† (138).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Danticat’s factual tone becomes angrier when she remembers that the news broadcasts never mention women in places like Haiti. It was often hard to tell whether any women were living or breathing: â€Å"The women’s stories never manage to make the front page. However, they do exist† (139). The anger increases to outrage when she details atrocities committed including the shooting of a woman in her pregnant stomach because she was wearing a t-shirt that had an â€Å"anti-military image† on it (139).

I Study to Fight Another Day

Everything was in absolute silence. There was the uncanny aura somehow pre-empting a serene calmness before the devastating storm. The waiting seemed endless.My fingers started fidgeting one another. My eyes kept pacing from one inch of the corner to the other corner. But somehow, I could not even recognize what I was looking at or where. My mind started swimming in an endless array of uneasiness. It was already about to commence. This war was inevitable, I told myself. Then, suddenly, a faint noise began to unfold louder and louder. The bell had rung. The war for survival was at hand and the battlefield was my school.In front of me was the school building. However, it looked and felt more like a concentration camp ready to eat me alive. I took a deep breath and placed one foot in front of the other. This was it.There was no turning back. As I passed the huge brown doors, I knew this was the point of no return. I saw the other students, my comrades, walking along the corridors. I saw the emotions on their faces. I did not need them to tell me how they felt. I was scared too.The eerie hallways took longer to walk through. I was not expecting this. As I continued to trudge, I imagined myself in cuffs and chains like a deathrow inmate. It felt as if I was being beckoned towards the electric chair. I was suddenly pulled away from my thoughts when I felt a slight bump from the side.More and more soldiers like me were drowning the hallways. The place was beginning to get cramped. Amidst all the confusion, I spotted a familiar face at 10 o’clock about twenty paces away.My heart started to race faster. It was him, my one true heart’s desire. I panicked as I got conscious of how I messed up I looked. He was about to turn his face towards me. I saw the ladies’ bathroom to my left and dashed inside like my life depended on it. I was lucky. I dodged a fatal bullet.Inside the ladies’ bathroom, I fixed myself and put on my battlegear. The colour o f my lips was just right. My hair was stylishly groomed. And my make up was flawless. I was ready. I checked my supplies. My books, notebooks, lap top, pens, pencils, cell phone, make up, hair brush, nail filer, and lipstick were all there. Everything was accounted for.I ran across the hallway and into the classroom. The others are all positioned. I sat behind thinking that it would be safer. But I was wrong. A middle-aged man entered the room like at typhoon ravaging anything in its path. His voice resonated throughout the room.As his mouth opened, I only understood two words, â€Å"surprise quiz.† I somehow knew it. This was an ambush and we fell right through it. There was nothing left to do but fight. But little did they know that I actually came prepared. I valiantly used my pen against all questions. As the saying goes, the pen was mightier than the sword.My platoon sustained a lot of casualties that day but I survived. I did not get a medal of valour but an 87% was goo d enough for me.The rest of the year seemed as if it was all put together into one big beating. There were a lot of small skirmishes as my professors bombed my class with quizzes every now and then. But I managed to overcome them despite always being caught in the line of fire from one class to the other. As the end draws to a close, the tension was getting stronger and the atmosphere was turning chaotic.Everyone, students and professors alike, were preparing for the culminating event, the â€Å"world war†; the finals. The grand war happened without people being aware that it had already ended.No one knew the outcome. Not until a few weeks or a month’s time. But one thing was certain, everyone was happy that it was over. I was relieved to realize that I was still standing. I knew there were still more battles to come.But as for now, I was happy to know that after the countless and gruelling days and nights, it was time for me to go home. I realized that I did not only study to fight for another day, but I actually lived to fight another day.

Did the Attlee government of 1945-1951 have a coherent programme for changing Britain Essays

Did the Attlee government of 1945-1951 have a coherent programme for changing Britain Essays Did the Attlee government of 1945-1951 have a coherent programme for changing Britain Essay Did the Attlee government of 1945-1951 have a coherent programme for changing Britain Essay Essay Topic: Dunkirk The Labour governments period in office between 1945 and 1951 after a landslide victory over Churchill the commander of the allied forces after victory in the second world war the can be explained by the huge number of votes for the labour government by members of the forces wanting to can the country they left, labours office can be divided into two distinct periods. The first period saw the government attempting the extension of wartime economic planning, the implementation of their nationalisation programme, and a level of social planning concurrent with the organisation of the welfare state. The construction of the post-war consensus rested on the Governments ability to deliver its aims of full employment, coupled to the provision of a comprehensive welfare state. This was to be achieved through government being permitted to manage the economy, and the implementation of its nationalisation programme, both with the cooperation of the Trade Unions Movement. The Attlee years 1945-1951. The economy was facing much strain after the war; the government was facing a financial Dunkirk. Although labour paved on with an extensive reform programme, just as they had promised in their campaign. The economic policy of the government was in favour of working class families. Rationing was still present in favour of keeping living cost down; development at regional level was pushed to avoid any returns of mass unemployment much of the surplus from the armed forces joined in on the development at regional level keeping the unemployment figures low as 9 million bodies were tied up in the armed forces after the war these people needed to be absorbed into the work force without having a period of wide spread unemployment. Progressive rates of tax were kept in place to keep the cost for the public low. Britain had to get used to not producing munitions and supplies for the army and start producing according to the publics demand, and as consumers had money saved from the war as they could not spend it they are ready and waiting to buy showing a possibility of a danger that the pressure of demand would become excessive and find vent in inflation (A. Cairncross), and there were fears that full employment would lead to unions opening the doors on wage inflations, Attlee was able to convince the union to slow down union activity in the early post war years so the economy could get back on its feet. Not helping this matter was the fact that Britain had managed to incur the largest external debt in history, balance of payments after the war amounted to  £10,000 million, a lend lease from America met half of this amount the rest had to be found my selling foreign investment and by borrowing sterling of dollars. However the debt after the war continued to escalate Attlee told the House of Commons British earning form exports were currently no more than  £350 million a year to which other receipts of foreign exchange might add a further  £50 million. Total outgoings, on the other hand, including military expenditure abroad and the food and other supplies previously paid for by the United States, were running at the rate of  £2000 million a year. This left a gap of  £1200 million a year to be met by fresh borrowing abroad (A. Cairncross The British economy since 1945). Forecast suggest that balance of payments would continue for a least three years and the figure of  £125 0 million extra was expected before balance would be restored. This meant that imports had to be kept below that of pre war days and exports had to be raised to that of pre war days as well, in order for the country to start making money again and get out of debt. However Britain needed to raise exports a considerable amount because exports in pre war days only covered 55% of the cost of imports, the rest was made up my net shipping earnings and foreign investment and with the lost of half of Britains merchant marine core during the war Britains exporting power had decreased severely. After the war much of the world economies were in deficient as other countries had to borrow from aboard namely America to sustain their imports and as these supplies cost dollars a shortage in dollars followed. Because of this Britains gold and dollars reserves depleted, even though there was enough sterling around the world to pay for Britains exports if payment were made in sterling this also hindered to pay back America The worldwide dollar shortage affected Britain due to dollars being favoured over sterling in international dealings and hindered the repayment of America. After the war it was clear that Britain needed assistance in terms of finance and as the United States was in a position to help and a loan or grant was needed. After negotiations a loan was secured with conditions attached to it Under the Brentton Woods Agreement Britain would be free to defer making the pound convertible until the end of the period of transition, however this was brought forward to mid 1947. The loan lifted some pressure Several major industries were taken into public ownership private companies were not running these industries well and nationalisation was popular. Nationalisation was prominent in the fuel and power industries as well as transport and communication. Nationalisation cost the government huge amount of money to bring them up to speed this in a time when public spending should be kept to a minimum, however this is justified in the coal industry as coal was in high demand after the war both at home and abroad as the need for fuel was high in Europe and increased our exports. It is a common thought that the labour government implemented nationalisation too early and needed to concentrate on policy for post war reconstruction. After 1942 when the Beveridge report was published it was clear by the reaction of the public that the next government needed a reform. And the Attlees government responded by a rapid reform in welfare much of which was set up by the coalition government but the labour government was left to give depth to these ideas, payments of these services was met by national insurance contributions by way of the National Insurance Act. This brought together benefits to insure against sickness, unemployment, and housing, after the war many house were destroyed and due do and increasing population help by the baby boom houses were needed. However maybe the most important reform was the National Health Service (NHS), this introduced free access to hospitals and general practitioner services effectively free care from cradle to grave 1949 saw the devaluation of the pound in order to make British exports more competitive overseas, above all in America markets. The opposition said that the devaluation was humiliation and further added that the country was under mismanagement. The nation sway can be seen in the results of the 1950 general election, although Attlee stayed in office there was a swing towards the conservative party. 950 saw the Korean War this event coincided two other major developments that eventually became over shadowed by the War, the Schuman plan and the emerge ion of the European Payments Union. Rearmament became a major issue and the government wanted to expand munitions by four fold during a time when there was little raw materials and primary commodities of all kinds had risen steeply in price and t he terms of trade were in coarse of shifting against the UK by nearly 20%, this lead to a two year long sterling crisis(Cairncross), the labour government lost power half way through this crisis. The event saw cracks in a previously solid government as some labour MPs felt that the reason for fighting this war on communism was to show America support because of the amount of money lent to us by the States, a tear in ranks turned into a major split when a large defence budget was announced. Rearmament issues gave way to much criticism for the government. More discontent can be see when S. Cripps proposed cut backs in the NHS to spend on rearmament, which Bevan refused to accept. Bevans resignation showed a split and division over strategy and the fragmentation of the party was noticed, leading to the Tories regained power at the election in October 1951. There are two types of consensus about Attlee reign. One side believe it went some of the way towards satisfying wartime demands for a change in Britain. The economy recovered from the ravage of war while avoiding a return in mass unemployment, and the government followed through their promised to implement the Beveridge report. The other side claims the Attlees government disillusioned its members by its modest reform, and lack of breaking down class barriers and that the party was not true to its socialist ideas and was not left wing enough. Another criticism is that the government introduce to much socialism and if the government concentrated on rebuild itself industrially rather than concentrate on welfare reform. This opinion was taken my the conservative government in the 80s to undermine the labour party and its achievements, how every economic history shows that labour boosted industrial production, manufacturing output and the volume of exports. Conclusion Labour did so much for the working class the people of its party during this period, the working class who made up the majority of the population enjoyed job security fresh opportunities opened up in education for the youth, pensions approximated as never before to a living income. Affordable, decent housing came within the react of thousands of lower income families and the NHS treated millions of patients. The changes to the country that were needed after war was largely met by the labour government by the end of its term. The enormous rearmament programme towards the end of Attlees labour government life over shadowed this position. The economy although at a deficit would return back to balance as soon as terms of trade returned to normal levels. The consumer boom came after the government left office but it showed that the action the government took was correct. The labour government succeeded in what it set out to do in difficult conditions. Although I am not saying it was all plain sailing, 1947 brought endless crises for Attlee and the government seemed happy for the balance of payments situation to deplete the reserves. Much of parliaments time and money was spent on moving a number of industries from the private sector to the public sector without any real understanding on how to run them themselves. Post war policy did not save Britain but avoided complete disaster and set the stage for the boom that followed. The Labour government made several changes ones which were immense and long lasting. In little more than five years, the Labour Government managed to nationalize nearly one-fifth of the British economy in a largely peaceful, almost uneventful, fashion, nationalization which survived virtually intact until Margaret Thatcher. Alongside this achievement was the Labour Governments creation and marked expansion of the Welfare State. While some of the reforms such as the National Insurance Act built directly upon wartime and pre-war initiatives, others such as the National Health Service went far beyond the scope of any wartime policies or suggestions in the Beveridge Report. Yet despite these massive changes, in the aggregate Labours changes were a mosaic of reform and conservatism. Education, while reformed in 1944 due to the Churchill War Governments Butler Act, for the most part still remained untouched as an institution in British society, and the class structure changed very little between 1945 and 1951. Nevertheless, the Welfare State and nationalization, with all of its perhaps inevitable warts, offered a basis for future social advance. (Morgan), In the end the Labour Government offered to the British people a new concept of citizenship, universal and comprehensive(Morgan) for the first time. I believe Attlee did have a coherent plan for Britain however obstacles got in the way of where the Labour Government wanted to finish.

Hdf 211 Essay Example

Hdf 211 Essay Example Hdf 211 Essay Hdf 211 Essay What are the (four) goals of science/theories? How do each of these goals contribute to our knowledge in reference to human development? What do continuous/discontinuous and quantitative/qualitative changes in development refer to and how do these two terms differ from one another? What are the three domains of development and what does each refer to? What is the nature-nurture debate about? What would someone believe if they argued that nature (or nurture) were more important influences on development? What are the key principles of the (Baltes’) lifespan approach? What does each of these principles mean? 2. What is imprinting? What are critical and sensitive periods (what was the point of the video clip! )? What does the terms plasticity mean in reference to development? What is the difference between normative and nonnormative influences on development and what is an example of each? Be able to define normative age-graded and normative history-graded influences. What is a cohort and how could cohort effects influence development? 3. What do genotype-environment interactions suggest? What are passive, evocative, and active genotype-environment interactions (these are also listed on pp. 2-73 in the text)? Why might active genotype-environment interactions become more common during adolescence than during early childhood? Why might siblings raised in the same family be different? What is an example of a non-shared environment? 4. What is a theory? On what fundamental issues to most theories differ (three were mentioned in class)? Who were the ma in theorists (what were their names) behind each major theory presented in class and the text? Be sure to know the main ideas associated with each theory and be able to name stages, but not necessarily the details of Erikson at this point, we get at those throughout. Be able to recognize the stages of Freud and Piaget. What is the information processing approach and what is the key concern of this theory? What is developmental cognitive neuroscience? What are ethology and evolutionary psychology (the text call this evolutionary developmental psychology)? What is the difference between behaviorism and social learning theories? You may skip Vygotsky (not on the test). And you should know each of the levels of Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems theory and how this theory is usually applied. 5. What is the difference between an idiographic and a nomothetic explanation? How does sampling relate to the generalizability (our ability to generalize results) or research results? What are the common research methods presented in your text? What are the basic research designs? What do correlational studies tell us? What kind of research design is necessary for researchers to draw conclusions regarding cause and effect? What is random assignment and what role does it play in experimental research designs? What is the difference between longitudinal and cross-sectional studies. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each versus each other? Chapter 3 4 1. What are the stages of childbirth and what happens during each stage? Under what conditions are cesarean deliveries typically performed? What is the average length and weight of a newborn? What is the Apgar scale? What is considered a â€Å"good† score for these scales? What are the typical activities that women participate in who want to have a natural childbirth? What is an epidural analgesia and when is it used? How does it work? What are the concerns about negative outcomes for the newborn when mother’s have an epidural? 2. What is the definition of for referring to a baby as â€Å"premature†? How many US babies are born underweight? What factors are related to an increased likelihood of a woman having a low birth weight baby? What concerns are there for the health and development of low birth weight babies? What treatments are used to reduce problems for these babies? 3. What is the infant mortality rate in the U. S.? How does this rate compare to other countries? What factors increase the likelihood of infant mortality? What does SIDS refer to? What should new parents know (or do) to reduce the odds of SIDS? 4. What are the health advantages of breastfeeding (both dietary and generally)? What might some social or emotional advantages be? What are the main advantages to bottle-feeding? What are some reasons why mothers do not breastfeed? What role does maternal employment play in breastfeeding duration? Is co-sleeping with infants more common in the U. S. or other countries? What are some concerns about co-sleeping? Why are these concerns less of an issue in developing countries? 5. What are the typical primitive reflexes that are present in newborns? What are postural and locomotor reflexes? What are the rooting, tonic neck, palmar grasp, stepping, and moro reflex? What is the point of babies being born with these reflexes? 6. What are some typical neurophysiological methods to sudy brain functioning? What is lateralization in the brain? What is the cerebral cortex? What are the functions of the left and right hemispheres in the brain? What are neurons, synapse, synaptic pruning, and neurotransmitters? What is the process of myelination? 7. What is classical conditioning? What is operant conditioning? What is habituation and recovery? How is habituation used to study infant memory and knowledge? 8. At what age can most infants support their own heads? Sit alone? Stand alone? Walk alone? Crawl? Grasp a large object (like a rattle) using ulnar grasp? Pass an object from hand to hand? Use the pincer grasp to hold small objects the size of a cheerio or a pea? How many hours on average per day will a neonate sleep (from notes or add the two from chart in the text)? What are the differences in infant smiling at ages 1 month, 4-6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 to 8 months? Chapter 5 1. Which of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development corresponds to infancy? How do babies think during this stage? What are primary, secondary, and tertiary circular reactions? What do the terms adaptation, assimilation, and accommodation refer to? What is organization? What are mental representations? What is object permanence and how is it related to Piaget’s theory? What does more recent research suggest about Piaget’s ideas regarding children’s development of object permanence? What does research on violation-of-expectations suggest about infants abilities to think and reason? 2. What approach does the behaviorist approach take towards understanding how babies learn and remember? What are operant conditioning and classical conditioning? note I discuss these in class during Ch. 5, they appear in Ch. 4 of the text) 3. According to the information processing approach (p. 161) what are the major advances in cognition in early development? What are working, short-term, and long-term memory? What is the central execituve? What are the key changes in attention, memory and categorization? 4. How can early interventions (Carolina Abcedarian Project, Head Start) benefit cognitive devevelopment in early childhood? What percentage of mothers with children under the age of 2 work outside of the home? . How do the behaviorist and nativist perspectives on language development differ? At what age do children say their first word? What are the characteristics of early speech? What are overextension and underextension of words/meanings? What evidence regarding nativist perspective on language development did the video on deaf children in Nicaragua provide? When do infants start imitating language sounds? When do babies learn language sounds in their parents’ native language? According to the video in class, at what age can babies learn to sign?